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슈퍼아이피
18-07-16 16:19 0개 25회
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RHCSA 준비내용

RHCSA 준비내용


명령어 정리

 

@at

# echo "date > ~/myjob" | at now +1min

# atq

1        Thu May 19 14:47:00 2016 a root

2        Thu May 19 14:47:00 2016 a root

# atrm

 

 

@@crontab

# cat /etc/crontab        //자세한 설명이 참조

/etc/cron.{hourly, daily, mothly, weekly}

생성하고 서 (/etc/cron.daily/test)정하고 서는

# chmod +x /etc/cron.daily/test

 

 

@ systemd-tmpfiles

# systemd-tmpfiles --clean [conffilename].conf

# systemd-tmpfiles --create [conffilename].conf

 

 

@@ nice

# top                 // 프로세스별 nice 확인

# nice -n 10 [command &]

# renice -n -7 [command &]

수는 root

 

 

@@@ ACL

 

# chmod g+s /shares/cases                //하위에 파일, 폴더 생성시 그룹 동일 적용

# getfacl File

# setfacl -m         u:james:rwx

# setfacl -m         g:sodor:r-x

# setfacl -Rm        u:student:rwX                 //모든 디렉토리 동시 적용

# setfacl -m         d:u:USER:MOD                 DIRECTORY

# setfacl -k         name

 

 

@@ SELinux

# getenforce

# setenforce {1|0}

# vim /etc/selinux/config

 

@# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/custom(/.*)?'

@# restorecon -Rv /custom

 

# getsebool -a

# setsebool [boolname] {on|off}

# setsebool -P [boolname] {on|off}        // 영구적 적용

# semanage boolean -l                        // 영구적인지 여부 확인법

 

# yum install setroubleshoot-server

 

 

@@ldap 서버

 

# yum -y install sssd authconfig-gtk krb5-workstation

# system-config-authentication

# getent passwd ldapuser3

ldapuser3:*:1703:1703:LDAP Test User 3:/home/guests/ldapuser3:/bin/bash

# ssh ldapuser3@localhost

ldapuser3@localhost's password:

Creating home directory for ldapuser3.

[ldapuser3@desktop3 ~]$ pwd

/home/guests/ldapuser3

[ldapuser3@desktop3 ~]$ ls -a

.  ..  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cache  .config  .mozilla

[ldapuser3@desktop3 ~]$ logout

 

 

@@ipa 서버

 

# yum install -y ipa-client

# ipa-client-install --domain=server3.example.com --mkhomedir --no-ntp

# ssh ipauser@desktop3

ipauser@desktop3's password: password

Password expired. Change your password now.

Last login: Thu May 19 14:25:07 2016 from server3.example.com

WARNING: Your password has expired.

You must change your password now and login again!

Changing password for user ipauser.

Current Password: password

New password: redhat123

Retype new password: redhat123

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Connection to desktop3 closed.

 

 

@add disk, partition, file system

 

# fdisk - MBR

# gdisk - GPT

# partprobe

# mkfs.[filesystem] /dev/vdb[1-9]

# mount /dev/vdb[1-9] /mnt

# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/vdb1        /mnt        xfs        defaults        0        0

 

# {fdisk|gdisk}

# partprobe

# mkswap /dev/vdb2 /dev/vdb3

# swapon /dev/vdb2 /dev/vdb3

# free                                //confirm

# swapon -s                        //confirm priority

# vim etc/fstab

...

/dev/vdb2        swap        swap        defaults        0        0

/dev/vdb3        swap        swap        pri=-1                0        0

 

 

@LVM

CREATE

# pvcreate /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb2

# vgcreate [vgname] -s 8M /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb2

# lvcreate -n [lvname] -l [num] -L 5G vgname

# mkfs.[type] /dev/vgname/lvname

# mkdir /mountpoint

# mount -t xfs /dev/vgname/lvname /mountpoint

 

VG EXTEND

# fdisk /dev/vdb

# pvcreate /dev/vdb3

# vgextend vgname /dev/vdb3

 

VG REDUCE

# pvmove /dev/vdb2

# vgreduce vgname /dev/vdb2

 

LV EXTEND

# lvextend -l [num] -L [num][MG] /dev/vgname/lvname -r

 

 

@NFS

 

 

 

@SMB

 

# yum -y install cifs-utils

# mkdir ~/work

# mkdir /secure

# vim /secure/cred

username=student

password=student

domain=MYGROUP

# chmod 770 /secure

# chmod 600 /secure/cred

# vim /etc/fstab

//serverX/student        /home/student/work        cifs        credentials=/secure/cred        0        0

 

 

@@@@Booting control

 

# systemctl isolate multi-user.target

# systemctl isolate graphical.target

# systemctl get-default

# systemctl set-default {grapical|multi-user}.target

 

ROOTPASSWORD

rd.break

# mount -o remount,rw /sysroot

# chroot /sysroot

# passwd

# touch /.autorelabel

# exit

# exit

 

/etc/fstabe

systemd.unit=emergency.target

# mount

# mount -o remount,rw /

# mount -a

# vim /etc/fstab

# mount -a

 

성과 스트)

1. LDAP

#yum install -y krb5-workstation sssd authconfig-gtk

#authconfig-gtk <-- 띄운다

#getent passwd ladapusr# 확인

 

 

 

 

2. ipaclient

[root@desktop4 ~]# ipa-client-install --domain=server4.example.com --mkhomedir --no-ntp

Discovery was successful!

Hostname: desktop4.example.com

Realm: SERVER4.EXAMPLE.COM

DNS Domain: server4.example.com

IPA Server: server4.example.com

BaseDN: dc=server4,dc=example,dc=com

 

Continue to configure the system with these values? [no]: yes

User authorized to enroll computers: admin

Synchronizing time with KDC...

Unable to sync time with IPA NTP server, assuming the time is in sync. Please check that 123 UDP port is opened.

Password for admin@SERVER4.EXAMPLE.COM:redhat123

ssh ipauser@desktop

password 변경

 

 

 

3. autofs

#yum -y intall autofs

#vim /etc/auto.master.d/name.autofs

내용 : /home/guests /etc/auto.name

#vim /etc/auto.name

내용: *        -rw,sync(본으로넣어준다) 당서버:로/&

         ex) classroom.example.com:/home/guests/&

#systemctl enable autofs

#systemctl start autofs

#ldapuser 로그인

 

4.root password 분실

1.부팅화면에서 첫번째에서 e키로 들어와 linux16행에 끝에서 rd.break 컨트롤 x

2.mount |grep -w '/'   rw/ro 확인

3.mount -o remount,rw /sysroot

4.chroot /sysroot -- chroot이동

5.password 변경

6.touch /.autorelabel 생성

7.exit 2 누르면 자동 리부팅 --- message :system size and speed of hard drives. #%

 

 

5. /etc/fstab 복구

1.부팅화면에서 두번째로 e키로 들어와 linux16행에 끝에서 systemd.unit=emergency.target 컨트롤 x

2.give root password : root password 입력

3.mount |grep -w '/' rw/ro 값확인(ro 되어있을거다)

4.mount -o remount,rw /

5.mount -a 하면 에러메시지 출력되는데 해당값을 /etc/fstab에서 수정

6.수정 mount -a 정상처리되면 리붓

 

 

 

6.SElinux

1.#firefox localhost/사이트 보면 출력 안됨

2.#cat /var/log/message |grep -i preventing 으로 보면 id 출력

3.#sealert -l id 보면 해당 컨텐츠 위치 나옴

4.#ls -dZ /var/web-content/lab-content/ /var/www/html/  <--안보이는 컨텐츠와 기본 저장되는 부분하고 content 비교하여 재설정해야

5.#semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/var/web-content(/.*)?'

6.#restorecon -R /var/web-content -- 적용

7.#ls -dZ /var/web-content/lab-content/ /var/www/html/ <--보면 컨텐츠 같아짐

8.#firefox localhost/사이트 출력 완료

 

 

 

7. nice (프로세스 우선순위)

1.top 으로 우선순위 확인

2.renice -n 해당숫자 PID

 

 

8.ACL

#chgrp -R 그룹명 디렉토리명 -> 디렉토리와 해당콘텐츠 해당 그룹에 속하게

#chmod g+s 디렉토리명 ->해당 디렉토리에 스티키비트 추가하여 추가된 새파일들이 위에 속한 그룹에 들어가도록

#chmod 660 디렉토리명/* -> 디렉토리안 전부 660 주기

#setfacl -Rm g:그룹명:권한 /디렉토리 -> 재귀옵션을 사용하여 그룹명에 속한 멤버가 파일에 대해 액세스 권한갖고 디렉토리에서(해당콘텐츠 포함) 실행할 있는 ACL

#setfacl -Rm u:유저명:권한 /디렉토리 -> 유저에 파일,디렉토리 대한 권한 제한

# setfacl -m d:g:scotlandyard:rwx /shares/cases/ --- 이해 안됨... 기본으로 넣어줄때 재귀 빼주고 x 소문자

# setfacl -m d:u:jones:rx /shares/cases/


곰곰히 생각해보니 이 자료만으로 충분한것같다.


과하다 싶을 정도이니 참고

 

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